Vector Indexing at Scale: HNSW vs. IVF-PQ in 100M-Vector Repositories
An empirical systems audit of HNSW vs. IVF-PQ indexing across 100 million 1536-dimensional vectors. Benchmarking Qdrant, OpenSearch, Milvus, and Faiss on RAM footprint, Recall@10, QPS throughput, and NVMe disk-spilling economics.